高中英语单项填空解题方法例析

江西新干二中 李 红

高考英语试题中有15道单项选择题是易得分点也是易失分点，因为它是对词汇，语法，句型，情景交际等知识的全面考察，考生不妨从句子结构和意群理解入手，具体做法如下。

一、使用全语境切入法

把握具体语境，挖掘隐含的信息、关键词．如：

His tie______his shirt ;they look very well together.

A. suit B.fit C.compare D.match

此处是指领带和衬衫相配，所以应选D.

二、采用多结构分析法

1.还原。将不熟悉的疑问句、被动句、倒装句、强调句等还原成熟悉的陈述句结构。如：

—Time should be made use of______ well.

A.study B.studied C.studying D.to study

可以还原成we should make use of time to study well.故选D，不定式做目的状语。

2.化简。将从句、插入语、独立成份等修饰部分去掉来化简句子，使句子结构一目了然，从而轻松选出正确答案。请看下题：

—He is confident ______，I think，is of importance.

A.that B.which C.what D.as

此题可将插入语I think 去掉，结构就很明显了：答案为B，which 引导非限制性定语从句。

3.补全。与化简相反，补全是把句子省略的成份补充完整。如：

—What made you so excited？

A. Because of my passing the exam.

B. I passed the exam.

C. Because I passed the exam.

D. My passing the exam.

乍一看，四个选项似乎都正确。但把答句补全后，应是：“The exam made me so excited”，故选D，动名词短语充当句子主语。B项如果添上一个that来引导主语从句才正确。

再看一个很经典的题目：

______did you get to know her？

—It was on the farm ______ we worked together.

A.that B.where C.which D.what

很多学生会选Ａ，认为这就是强调句型中的that .实际上，Ｂ才是正确答案，where 是关系副词，where we worked together 是定语从句，修饰farm。

解题思路：补全句子：It was on the farm ______ we worked together that I got to know her.

三、运用抗思维定势法

学生容易受语法规则。固定短语．特定句型影响，没弄清题目意思，做出错误选择。如：

The day we were looking forward to .　

A.come B.came . C.coming D.comes

我们很容易根据look forward to 中的to为介词，而误选答案C。实际上，句中缺的是谓语，we were looing forward to是个定语从句，而lookforward to 的宾语是关系代词that/which，省略掉了。所以，正确选项是B。

四、利用补差抗干扰法

很多时候我们会受母语汉语的思维方式影响，却忽略了英语中的表达习惯。例如：如果你方便的话，请给我回电话。

正确的表达方式应是：Call me back if it is convenient for you。如果翻译成“Call me back if you are convenient”则错了。

五、借用标识词提示法

借助标点或连词，判断填人称代词还是关系代词，谓语动词还是非谓语动词。如：

He has two sons，both of them being doctors.（独立主格结构。）

He has two sons，both of whom are doctors.（非限制性定语从句。）

He has two sons; both of them are doctors.（并列的分句。）

He has two sons，and both of them are doctors.（and连接并列句。）

六、巧用相似句观察法

英语中有些句型很相似，如果不加以仔细观察在做题目时很容易出错误。例如：

It is known to all that pollution has become a serious problem in the world today.

As is known to all，pollution has become a serious problem in the world today.

What is known to all is that pollution has become a serious problem in the world today .

解析：第一句中“it”是形式主语，that 引导主语从句。第二句中“as”是关系代词，引导的是定语从句;第三个句子中，what 引导主语从句，that引导表语从句。

考生平常应扎实地掌握好词汇和语法等基础知识，多练习，多积累，摸索做题方法和规律，灵活运用；考试时审清题目，理清思路，多几分细心，定能在考试中做好此类题，取得理想分数。

（责任编辑：郭跃进）